Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq, 2003-2009: A Case of Operational Surprise and Institutional Response
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1064
Emphasizes the critical role of leadership in recognizing the scale of surprise on the battlefield and in compelling institutional responses. Uses the improvised explosive devices encountered in Iraq as an example. From the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College